This page shows an example of a comprehensive lab panel as used for in-depth health monitoring. It is the practical companion to Functional Testing , which explains why these markers matter.
The markers are grouped by body system. The first column gives the name as it usually appears on a lab report; the second column gives the full name and, where helpful, a short note on what the marker reflects.
This is an illustrative example, not a prescription. Which markers to test, how to interpret them, and how often to repeat them should be decided together with a physician trained in functional medicine.
Marker Description WBC White blood cells (leukocytes) — total immune-cell count RBC Red blood cells (erythrocytes) Hemoglobin Oxygen-carrying protein of the red cells Hematocrit Volume fraction of red cells in the blood MCV Mean corpuscular volume — average red-cell size MCH Mean corpuscular hemoglobin — average hemoglobin per red cell MCHC Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration Platelets Thrombocytes — clotting cell fragments Reticulocytes Immature red blood cells — marrow production rate Neutrophils Granulocytes — first-line bacterial defense Lymphocytes B, T and NK cells — adaptive immunity Monocytes Macrophage precursors Eosinophils Granulocytes — allergy & parasite response Basophils Granulocytes — allergic & inflammatory response
The white-cell differential is reported both as a percentage and as an absolute count.
Marker Description T cells (CD3) Total T lymphocytes T-helper cells (CD4) CD4+ T cells — coordinate the immune response Cytotoxic T cells (CD8) CD8+ suppressor / cytotoxic T cells CD4/CD8 ratio Balance of helper to cytotoxic T cells B cells (CD19) Antibody-producing lymphocytes NK cells (CD56) Natural killer cells — innate antiviral & antitumor defense CD57+ cells (CD3−) NK-cell subset used as a chronic-infection marker Activated T cells (CD25) T cells expressing the interleukin-2 receptor Activated T cells (HLA-DR) HLA-DR+ T cells — late activation marker
Marker Description Quick / PT Prothrombin time (Quick value) INR International normalized ratio aPTT Activated partial thromboplastin time Thrombin time Time to clot after thrombin is added Fibrinogen Clotting factor I — also an inflammation marker
Marker Description ALP Alkaline phosphatase — liver, bile duct & bone AST (GOT) Aspartate aminotransferase ALT (GPT) Alanine aminotransferase — liver-cell marker GGT Gamma-glutamyl transferase — bile & detox marker Cholinesterase Pseudocholinesterase — liver synthesis capacity Total bilirubin Heme breakdown product LDH Lactate dehydrogenase — general cell-turnover marker LDH isoenzymes 1–5 Tissue-origin breakdown of LDH
Marker Description Amylase Alpha-amylase — pancreatic & salivary enzyme Lipase Pancreatic fat-digesting enzyme Pancreatic elastase-1 Pancreatic exocrine function Creatine kinase (CK) Total creatine kinase — muscle enzyme CK isoenzymes CK-BB, CK-MB, CK-MM, macro-CK — tissue origin of CK
Marker Description Cystatin C Kidney filtration marker, independent of muscle mass Cystatin C–GFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate Urea Blood urea nitrogen — protein-metabolism waste Uric acid Purine breakdown product Sodium Electrolyte — fluid balance Potassium Electrolyte (whole blood) Calcium Electrolyte (whole blood) Magnesium Electrolyte (whole blood) Chloride Electrolyte — acid-base balance Phosphate Mineral — bone & energy metabolism
Marker Description Ferritin Iron storage protein Iron Serum iron Transferrin Iron-transport protein Transferrin saturation Percentage of transferrin carrying iron Soluble transferrin receptor Cellular iron-demand marker
Marker Description Fasting glucose Blood sugar after fasting HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin — roughly the 3-month glucose average HbA1c (IFCC) Glycated hemoglobin in IFCC units (mmol/mol) Intact proinsulin Early marker of beta-cell stress / insulin resistance Insulin Fasting insulin HOMA-IR Insulin-resistance index from glucose & insulin C-peptide Marker of the body’s own insulin production
Marker Description Total cholesterol All cholesterol carried in the blood Triglycerides Circulating blood fats HDL cholesterol ”Good” cholesterol-transport lipoprotein LDL cholesterol ”Bad” cholesterol-transport lipoprotein Non-HDL cholesterol All atherogenic cholesterol (total minus HDL) Apolipoprotein A1 Main protein of HDL particles Apolipoprotein A2 Second protein of HDL particles Apolipoprotein B One per atherogenic particle — particle-count marker ApoB / ApoA1 ratio Atherogenic-to-protective particle ratio Apolipoprotein E Lipid-transport protein, linked to the APOE gene
Marker Description NT-proBNP Cardiac-strain / heart-failure marker Homocysteine Amino acid linked to vascular & thrombosis risk Lp-PLA2 Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 — vascular inflammation Oxidized LDL Oxidatively damaged LDL — drives plaque formation
Measured in the red-cell membranes, which reflect longer-term fatty-acid status.
Marker Description 18:3ω3 Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) 20:5ω3 Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 22:5ω3 Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) 22:6ω3 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Marker Description 18:2ω6 Linoleic acid (LA) 18:3ω6 Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) 20:3ω6 Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) 20:4ω6 Arachidonic acid 20:2ω6 Eicosadienoic acid 22:4ω6 Docosatetraenoic acid 22:5ω6 Docosapentaenoic acid
Marker Description 16:1ω7 Palmitoleic acid 18:1ω9 Oleic acid 20:1ω9 Gondoic acid 24:1ω9 Nervonic acid
Marker Description 14:0 Myristic acid 16:0 Palmitic acid 18:0 Stearic acid 20:0 Arachidic acid 22:0 Behenic acid 24:0 Lignoceric acid
Marker Description 16:1ω7t Trans-palmitoleic acid 18:1ω9t Trans-oleic acid 18:2ω6t Trans-linoleic acid
Marker Description Omega-6 / Omega-3 ratio Balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory fatty acids Unsaturated / saturated ratio Overall fatty-acid quality Omega-3 Index EPA + DHA in red-cell membranes — cardiovascular marker
Marker Description Histidine Essential amino acid Isoleucine Essential amino acid Leucine Essential amino acid Lysine Essential amino acid Methionine Essential amino acid Phenylalanine Essential amino acid Threonine Essential amino acid Tryptophan Essential amino acid Valine Essential amino acid Arginine Conditionally essential amino acid Cystine (free) Conditionally essential amino acid (cysteine dimer) Glutamine Conditionally essential amino acid Glycine Conditionally essential amino acid Proline Conditionally essential amino acid Tyrosine Conditionally essential amino acid Alanine Non-essential amino acid Asparagine Non-essential amino acid Aspartic acid Non-essential amino acid Glutamic acid Non-essential amino acid Serine Non-essential amino acid β-Alanine Non-proteinogenic amino acid / metabolite α-Aminoadipic acid Non-proteinogenic amino acid / metabolite α-Aminobutyric acid Non-proteinogenic amino acid / metabolite β-Amino-isobutyric acid Non-proteinogenic amino acid / metabolite γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) Non-proteinogenic amino acid — neurotransmitter Carnosine Non-proteinogenic dipeptide Citrulline Non-proteinogenic amino acid — urea cycle Cystathionine Non-proteinogenic amino acid — methionine pathway Homocystine (free) Non-proteinogenic amino acid — homocysteine dimer Hydroxyproline Non-proteinogenic amino acid — collagen turnover Allo-isoleucine Non-proteinogenic amino acid / metabolite 1-Methylhistidine Non-proteinogenic amino acid — meat intake / muscle turnover 3-Methylhistidine Non-proteinogenic amino acid — muscle turnover Ornithine Non-proteinogenic amino acid — urea cycle Phosphoethanolamine Non-proteinogenic amino acid / metabolite Phosphoserine Non-proteinogenic amino acid / metabolite Taurine Non-proteinogenic amino acid — bile & antioxidant
Marker Description Total protein All serum proteins combined Albumin Main transport & osmotic-pressure protein Protein electrophoresis Separation into albumin and α1-, α2-, β1-, β2- and γ-globulin fractions Albumin / globulin ratio Balance of albumin to globulins Beta-2-microglobulin Cell-turnover & immune-activation marker
Marker Description hs-CRP High-sensitivity C-reactive protein — systemic inflammation Soluble IL-2 receptor T-cell activation marker Interleukin-6 Pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 Anti-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha Tumor necrosis factor alpha — pro-inflammatory cytokine Neopterin Macrophage-activation marker
Marker Description TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone Free T4 Free thyroxine Free T3 Free triiodothyronine — the active thyroid hormone TPO antibodies Thyroid peroxidase antibodies — autoimmune marker Thyroglobulin antibodies Anti-thyroglobulin — autoimmune marker TSH-receptor antibodies TRAb — Graves’ disease marker Thyroglobulin Thyroid-produced protein Calcitonin Calcium-regulating thyroid hormone Parathyroid hormone PTH — calcium & bone regulation
Marker Description Testosterone Primary male sex hormone Free Androgen Index Estimate of bioavailable testosterone SHBG Sex-hormone-binding globulin DHT Dihydrotestosterone — potent androgen Androstenedione Androgen precursor DHEA-S Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate — adrenal androgen Estradiol (E2) Primary estrogen Progesterone Sex hormone FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone LH Luteinizing hormone Cortisol Primary stress hormone (adrenal) beta-HCG Human chorionic gonadotropin
Marker Description IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor 1 — growth-hormone activity Leptin Satiety / fat-mass hormone Adiponectin Insulin-sensitizing fat-tissue hormone
Marker Description Vitamin A Retinol — vision, skin, immunity Vitamin B1 Thiamine Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Vitamin B3 Niacin (measured as nicotinamide) Vitamin B5 Pantothenic acid Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine Vitamin B7 Biotin Vitamin B9 Folate Vitamin B12 Cobalamin Holo-transcobalamin Active, bioavailable vitamin B12 Vitamin C Ascorbic acid Vitamin D 25-hydroxy vitamin D Vitamin E Tocopherol Vitamin K1 Phylloquinone Vitamin K2 Menaquinone (MK-7)
Marker Description Selenium Antioxidant enzyme cofactor (whole blood) Zinc Immune & enzyme cofactor (whole blood) Copper Enzyme cofactor Manganese Enzyme cofactor (whole blood) Molybdenum Enzyme cofactor (whole blood) Iodine Thyroid-hormone building block (whole blood) Lithium Trace element
See also Heavy Metal Detox .
Marker Description Lead Toxic heavy metal Mercury Toxic heavy metal Cadmium Toxic heavy metal Chromium Trace metal — exposure marker Cobalt Trace metal — exposure marker Nickel Trace metal — exposure marker
Marker Description Basal respiration Resting mitochondrial oxygen use ATP production Energy generated by the mitochondria Proton leak Inefficiency / membrane-damage marker Reserve capacity Spare mitochondrial capacity under load Non-mitochondrial respiration Oxygen use outside the mitochondria — oxidative-stress marker BHI Bioenergetic Health Index — overall mitochondrial score Extracellular acidification rate Glycolysis / chronic-inflammation marker Lactate Anaerobic-metabolism product Pyruvate Glucose-metabolism intermediate Lactate / pyruvate ratio Mitochondrial-function indicator Coenzyme Q10 Antioxidant & electron-transport cofactor Glutathione Master cellular antioxidant — total, reduced & oxidized forms Total oxidative capacity Overall oxidative burden Total antioxidant capacity Overall antioxidant defense
Gut health is assessed in depth by a dedicated Stool Test . In the blood panel it is represented by:
Marker Description Zonulin Intestinal-permeability (“leaky gut”) marker
Marker Description AFP Alpha-fetoprotein CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen CA 19-9 Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 CA 125 Cancer antigen 125 CA 15-3 Cancer antigen 15-3 CA 72-4 Cancer antigen 72-4 CYFRA 21-1 Cytokeratin-19 fragment M2-PK Tumor M2-pyruvate kinase NSE Neuron-specific enolase PSA Prostate-specific antigen SCC Squamous-cell carcinoma antigen S-100 S-100 protein TPA Tissue polypeptide antigen
Marker Description Syphilis Treponema pallidum screen HIV HIV antigen / antibody combination test Hepatitis A Anti-HAV IgG / IgM Hepatitis B HBs-antigen, anti-HBc and anti-HBs Hepatitis C Anti-HCV antibodies Hepatitis D Anti-HDV antibodies Hepatitis E Anti-HEV IgG / IgM Cytomegalovirus (CMV) CMV IgG / IgM antibodies Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) VCA, EBNA-1 and Early-Antigen antibodies Herpes simplex (HSV 1/2) HSV IgG / IgM antibodies Human herpesvirus 6 / 7 / 8 HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8 antibodies Measles Measles-virus IgG / IgM Mumps Mumps-virus IgG / IgM Varicella-zoster (VZV) Chickenpox / shingles virus antibodies Chlamydia trachomatis DNA detection (PCR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA detection (PCR) Mycoplasma hominis / genitalium DNA detection (PCR) Ureaplasma urealyticum / parvum DNA detection (PCR) Trichomonas vaginalis DNA detection (PCR) Candida albicans IgG / IgA / IgM antibodies Tetanus Tetanus-antitoxin — immunity check
The only non-blood section — a urine sample, analysed by dipstick and by microscopy of the sediment.
Marker Description pH Acidity of the urine Specific gravity Urine concentration Nitrite Sign of bacterial infection Protein Kidney-barrier integrity Glucose Sugar in the urine Ketones Fat-metabolism products Urobilinogen Liver & bile marker Bilirubin Liver & bile marker Leukocytes White cells — infection marker Blood Hemoglobin / blood in the urine
Marker Description Erythrocytes Red blood cells Leukocytes White blood cells Casts Hyaline & granular casts — kidney-tubule marker Epithelial cells Shed lining cells Crystals Mineral crystals Bacteria Bacterial presence Mucus Mucus threads
